Geodesic monitoring of deformations of existing structures in the zone of influence of the metropolitan city

The article highlights the results of engineering and geodetic monitoring of settlements of a multi-storey residential building located in the zone of influence of the Syretsko-Pechersk metro line. The relevance of the study is due to the intensive development of modern cities, the increase in building density, the development of territories with complex engineering and geological conditions and the need to ensure the safe operation of existing structures in the conditions of new construction. One of the most effective tools for monitoring the technical condition of buildings is geodetic monitoring, which allows for timely detection of deformations, assessment of their development trends and prevention of emergency situations. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the engineering support for conducting engineering and geodetic observations of settlements of existing residential buildings in the zone of influence of the metro. To achieve this goal, an assessment of the technical condition of a multi-storey residential building was carried out by determining the magnitude of settlements, and an analysis of the results of engineering and geodetic observations was also carried out. The study was carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documents of Ukraine using high-precision geometric leveling of class II. The object of monitoring was a six-entrance large-panel residential building, on which 12 deformation marks were laid. Measurements were carried out using the Ni 007 level and the RN2-3000 rail, which had undergone metrological verification. During the studied period, 13 observation cycles were carried out, the accuracy of measurements was assessed, settlements, relative deflections and rolls of the structure were calculated. The monitoring results showed that the maximum total settlement of the building is -5 mm, the average settlement is -1 mm, and the maximum settlement between the last observation cycles does not exceed -1 mm. The results obtained indicate the uniform nature of settlements, the absence of dangerous deformations and the stability of the building base in the period from November 2023 to January 2025. It has been proven that the implementation of systematic geodetic monitoring provides reliable control of the technical condition of structures in the area of influence of transport construction and contributes to increasing the safety of urban development.