This publication addresses the application of GIS technologies and remote sensing methods to the ecological and economic substantiation of the feasibility of sunflower cultivation under conditions of variability in the indicators of different agroclimatic zones. On the basis of the satellite Vegetation Health Index (VHI) (NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 2020–2025), a spatiotemporal analysis of agrometeorological droughts was performed for the period critical for sunflower (weeks 26–35 of the year) across all oblasts of Ukraine. A sharp intensification of drought stress and its territorial polarization in 2024–2025 were established, with the highest risk in the southern and eastern regions. The remote sensing data were compared with official statistics on sown areas, yields, and gross harvests of sunflower for 2021–2025, which made it possible to identify the oblasts with the most favorable combination of production scale, yield, and yield stability. An approach is proposed for integrating satellite VHI data into a GIS together with agroclimatic, soil, and economic layers for the purpose of drought risk mapping and the approximate assessment of economic losses. The results may be used for the zoning of cultivation technologies, targeted crop insurance, and the planning of processing capacities.
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